What ecological factors are responsible for coral growth?

Coral growth depends on suitable temperature, high salinity, adequate sunlight, ocean current flow, nutrient balance, and suitable habitat conditions. Coral reefs do not grow well in areas with heavy freshwater influx or low sunlight availability.

Why is sunlight important for coral reefs?

Sunlight is essential for reef-building corals because they live in symbiosis with microscopic algae called zooxanthellae. These algae perform photosynthesis and provide nutrients necessary for coral survival and reef formation.

What is the Queen Pineapple of Tripura?

The Queen Pineapple is a GI-tagged variety from Tripura known for its golden-yellow colour, distinct aroma, juicy flesh, and low fibre content. It was declared the state fruit of Tripura in 2018.

When did Tripura Queen Pineapple receive a GI tag?

Tripura Queen Pineapple received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2014 because of its unique aroma, golden-yellow colour, sweetness, and nutritional qualities.

What is ENSO or El Niño Southern Oscillation?

ENSO is a naturally occurring ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. It includes three phases: El Niño, La Niña, and Neutral conditions, which influence global weather and climate patterns.

How is the ENSO phase determined?

The ENSO phase is determined by sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, particularly the Niño 3.4 region. Temperature anomalies help classify El Niño, La Niña, or neutral conditions.

Why is the Caspian Sea shrinking?

The Caspian Sea is shrinking because of rising temperatures, increased evaporation, and climate change. Satellite imagery shows retreating shorelines, exposed sandbanks, and declining water levels.

What is the Tehran Convention?

The Tehran Convention is the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea, signed in 2003 by the five littoral states to promote environmental conservation and sustainable development.

Why is the Caspian Sea important for sturgeon conservation?

The Caspian Sea supports nearly 90 percent of the world's remaining sturgeon population. Declining water levels are affecting their migration routes and breeding habitats.

What is the 5% water conservation model in Chhattisgarh?

The 5% model is a community-based water conservation initiative in Chhattisgarh's Korea district. Farmers dedicate 5 percent of their agricultural land for soak pits that help rainwater recharge groundwater.

Who introduced the 5% water conservation model?

The 5% model was introduced in Korea district of Chhattisgarh by then District Collector Chandan Tripathi to improve groundwater recharge through community participation.

What is the 30–40 model in water conservation?

The 30–40 model involves digging trenches measuring 30 feet by 40 feet on barren land to capture and store rainwater runoff, thereby improving groundwater recharge.

Daily UPSC Prelims MCQs - Environment & Geography - 25th June 2026

Jigyashu Mishra
1 day ago
1 min read

Test your UPSC CSE 2027 preparation with today’s Environment & Geography (Every Thursday) Quiz — covering growth of corals, queen pineapple, ENSO, water conservation movement and more.

Monthly Current Affairs Pointer April 2026

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Daily UPSC Prelims MCQs - Environment & Geography - 25th June 2026

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