Daily Prelims MCQs - Polity - 11th September 2025
- TPP
- Sep 11
- 8 min read
Welcome to your Daily UPSC Prelims Current Affairs MCQs – 11th September 2025. This is part of our subject-wise daily series where Thursday is dedicated to Polity, helping you revise constitutional provisions, landmark judgments, rights–duties linkages, and institutional frameworks—all in UPSC-Prelims style.
Today’s set of 8 carefully curated MCQs blends static–dynamic linkages with crisp explanations to help you:
Strengthen conceptual clarity on Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties, and the Preamble.
Differentiate between civil vs. criminal burden of proof—a recurring theme in polity + ethics overlap.
Revise Supreme Court doctrines (Master of Roster, Pramati Educational Trust case).
Decode judicial appointments process via SC & HC collegiums.
Sharpen elimination skills on tricky Prelims-style questions around Money Bills and Article-based mandates.
Topics covered today include:
Article 38: State’s duty to secure a social order.
Civil vs. Criminal burden of proof standards.
Pramati Educational Trust case & RTE Act exemption for minority schools.
CJI as the “Master of Roster”.
Fundamental Duties under Article 51A.
Collegium system: SC vs. HC.
Preamble keywords – Justice, Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.
Money Bill provisions under Article 110.
Stay consistent with these daily quizzes to sharpen your Prelims 2026 preparation while reinforcing static Polity through dynamic, exam-relevant cues.
Click Here to read the Monthly Current Affairs Pointers (CAP).
QUESTION 1
Which of the following articles of the Constitution of India provides for the State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people?
(a) Article 37
(b) Article 38
(c) Article 39
(d) Article 40
Answer (b)
Explanation:
Article 38 of the Constitution of India provides for the State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of national life.
The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.
QUESTION 2
Consider the following statements:
n a civil case, the plaintiff must prove their case on a “preponderance of probabilities”, meaning their version of events is more likely to be true than the defendant’s.
In a criminal case, the prosecution has the much higher burden of proving the guilt of the accused “beyond a reasonable doubt”.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer (c)
Explanation:
A key distinction between civil and criminal cases is with regards to the burden of proof.
In a civil case, the plaintiff must prove their case on a “preponderance of probabilities”, meaning their version of events is more likely to be true than the defendant’s. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
In a criminal case, the prosecution has the much higher burden of proving the guilt of the accused “beyond a reasonable doubt”. This higher standard reflects the serious consequences of criminal conviction, which can involve the loss of liberty. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
QUESTION 3
What did the Supreme Court uphold in Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust vs. Union of India?
(a) Admissions must be taken in private schools with a fixed quota for students in the EWS (Economically Weaker Sections) category.
(b) Education boards must include cultural elements of India in their curriculum.
(c) Minority schools are not required to comply with the Right to Education Act of 2009.
(d) A nutrition-rich mid-day meal must be made compulsory in all government schools.
Answer (c)
Explanation:
In 2014, the Supreme Court’s Constitution Bench in Pramati Educational and Cultural Trust vs Union of India carved out a sweeping exemption: minority schools, aided (receiving government funding) or unaided, need not comply with the Right to Education Act of 2009.
That meant no compulsion to follow its norms, such as the 25% quota for disadvantaged students. But on Monday (September 1), a two-judge bench led by Justice Dipankar Datta questioned whether this blanket immunity was ever justified.
QUESTION 4
Who is the ‘Master of Roster’ of the Supreme Court of India?
(a) The Attorney General of India
(b) The Chief Justice of India
(c) Any judge appointed by the Collegium excluding the Chief Justice of India
(d) The Collegium
Answer (b)
Explanation:
The Supreme Court upheld in 2018 the Chief Justice of India’s role as “Master of Roster”. A two-judge bench, comprising Justices A K Sikri and Ashok Bhushan, stated that the CJI’s role cannot be interpreted to include the Collegium when it comes to the allocation for cases as it will make day-to-day functioning difficult.
QUESTION 5
With reference to the Fundamental Duties, consider the following statements:
The fundamental duties were incorporated in Part V of the Constitution by the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976.
The fundamental duties are enforceable by law.
The fundamental obligations of citizens have a direct impact on the fundamental rights protected by Articles 14.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) All three
(d) None
Answer (a)
Explanation:
The fundamental duties were incorporated in Part IV-A of the Constitution by The Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976, during Indira Gandhi’s Emergency. Article 51(A) describes 11 fundamental duties — 10 came with the 42nd Amendment; the 11th was added by the 86th Amendment in 2002, when Atal Bihari Vajpayee was Prime Minister. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
The fundamental obligations of citizens have a direct impact on the fundamental rights protected by Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the constitution. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
The Fundamental Duties are intended to serve as a constant reminder to all citizens that, while the Constitution grants them specific Fundamental Rights, it also requires citizens to follow certain basic norms of democratic conduct and behaviour because rights and duties are inextricably linked.
These duties are not enforceable by law. However, a court may take them into account while adjudicating on a matter. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
They were made a part of the Constitution to emphasise the obligation of the citizen in return for the fundamental rights that he or she enjoys. The Russian Constitution has the concept of fundamental duties.
Article 51(A) says it shall be the duty of every citizen of India:
“(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement;
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.”
QUESTION 6
Consider the following statements:
High Court (HC) collegiums are led by the incumbent Chief Justice and the four other seniormost judges of that court.
The HC collegium recommends the names of judges to be appointed to the High Court although their recommendations must be approved by the SC collegium.
Which of the above given statements is/are true?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer (b)
Explanation:
The Supreme Court collegium is a five-member body headed by the incumbent Chief Justice of India (CJI), and comprising the four other seniormost judges at that time.
High Court collegiums are led by the incumbent Chief Justice and the two other seniormost judges of that court. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
The SC collegium recommends the names of judges to be appointed to the apex court. So do HC collegiums (for their respective High Courts), although their recommendations must be approved by the SC collegium. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
QUESTION 7
Which of the following words are included in the Preamble of India?
Justice
Fraternity
Insure
Liberty
Equality
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3, 4 and 5
(c) 1, 2, 4 and 5
(d) 2, 4 and 5
Answer (c)
Explanation:
The preamble of the Constitution serves as a statement clarifying the guiding principles and purpose behind the Constitution of India. When the Constitution first came into force on January 26, 1950, the Preamble stated:
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.
QUESTION 8
A Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains:
The imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax
The regulation of the borrowing of money or the giving of any guarantee by the Government of India
The appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India.
The receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the public account of India or the custody or issue of such money or the audit of the accounts of the Union or of a State.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer (d)
Explanation:
A Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:—
(a) the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax;
(b) the regulation of the borrowing of money or the giving of any guarantee by the Government of India, or the amendment of the law with respect to any financial obligations undertaken or to be undertaken by the Government of India;
(c) the custody of the Consolidated Fund or the Contingency Fund of India, the payment of moneys into or the withdrawal of moneys from any such Fund;
(d) the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India;
(e) the declaring of any expenditure to be expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or the increasing of the amount of any such expenditure;
(f) the receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the public account of India or the custody or issue of such money or the audit of the accounts of the Union or of a State; or
(g) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f).
Previous Daily UPSC Prelims MCQs Set
Previous Week Current Affairs MCQs Set
Click for NCERTs Pdfs
Click for Daily Quotes:
Stay updated with the latest news by joining our Telegram channel – The PRESS Pad , and follow us on Instagram and X.
Comments